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Amiga Plus Special 23
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AMIGAplus Sonderheft 23 (2000)(Falke)(DE)[!].iso
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LOCALE
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accents
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chaucer.accent
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1999-11-06
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# Middle english pronuciation rules (rough)
# Based on "A history of the English Language" by Albert C. Baugh.
# Provides a rough indication of Middle English pronunciation
# before the "Great Vowel Shift". When:
# Long "a" was pronounced like a in father.
# Long "e" (ee) was pronounced like ai in "bait.
# Long "e" (ea) was pronounced like e in eh elongated.
# Long "i" was pronounced like ee in beet.
# Long "o" (oa) was pronounced like o in got elongated.
# Long "o" (oo) was pronounced like oa in boat.
# Long "u" (ue) was pronounced like oo in boot.
# Also:
# short "a" was pronounced like o in British pot
# short "u" was pronounced like u in full
# Anglo-Norman (French) scribes frequently used "o" for short "u" [love]
# In old English texts "u" and "v" are frequently switched.
#
# $VER: chaucer.accent 0.7 (15.Sep.96)
# Middle English Alphabet
%alphabet æ a b c d e f g 3 h i j k l m n o ð þ p q r s t v u w x y z
%class vowel æ a e i o u y ou
%class cons b c d f g 3 h j k l m n ð p q r s t þ v w x z th sh ch gh
%class nds æ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o ð þ p q r s t v u w x y z
%class voiced b f v g j l m n r þ w z
%class suffix er e es ed ers eds ing ely ings elys
%class front e i y le
%class soft l m n r
%class ch s c g z x j ch sh 3 gh
%class new t s r d l z n j th ch sh
%class subject "is " "are " "were " "be "
%class Ñ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
%class Ç 0\, 1\, 2\, 3\, 4\, 5\, 6\, 7\, 8\, 9\, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
%class null 0\, 0
%class numeric 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \, \.
%class romn i v x
%class romn2 i v x l
%class romn3 i v x l c
%class mark ®
%class spc " "
%stress 1
%emphasis 4
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~romn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~#
$[XXX](romn+)$ = {&*® and thirty }
$[XXX]$ = { thirty }
$[XX](romn+)$ = {&*® and twenty }
$[XX]$ = { twenty }
$[LXXX](romn+)$ = {&*® and eighty }
$[LXXX]$ = { eighty }
$[LXX](romn+)$ = {&*® and seventy }
$[LXX]$ = { seventy }
$[LX](romn+)$ = {&*® and sixty }
$[LX]$ = { sixty }
$[XL](romn+)$ = {&*® and forty }
$[XL]$ = { forty }
$\®(spc*)[L](romn+)$ = {&*® and fifty }
$\®(spc*)[L]$ = { fifty }
$[XC](romn+)$ = {&*® and ninety }
$[XC]$ = { ninety }
$[VIII](mark;)$ = " IY3KGZHT "
$[III](mark;)$ = " THRXDXREHEY3 "
$[VII](mark;)$ = " SEH3VAXN "
$[II](mark;)$ = " TWOW3 "
$[IV](mark;)$ = " FUW3RXDXRX "
$[IX](mark;)$ = " NIY3NAX "
$[I](spc*)(mark)$ = " UH3NAX "
$(mark)(spc*)[I]$ = " UH3NAX "
$[VI](mark;)$ = " SIH3KS "
$[V](spc*)(mark)$ = FIY4V
$(mark)(spc*)[V]$ = FIY4V
$[X](spc*)(mark)$ = TEH4N
$(mark)(spc*)[X]$ = TEH4N
$[XVIII]$ = { eighteen }
$[XVII]$ = { seventeen }
$[XVI]$ = { sixteen }
$[XV]$ = { fifteen }
$[XIV]$ = { fourteen }
$[XIII]$ = { thirteen }
$[XII]$ = { twelve }
$[XIX]$ = { nineteen }
$[XI]$ = { eleven }
$\®(spc*)[CCC](romn2+)$ = {!* three hundred and ®}
$\®(spc*)[CCC]$ = {!* three hundred }
$\®(spc*)[CC](romn2+)$ = {!* two hundred and ®}
$\®(spc*)[CC]$ = {!* two hundred }
$\®(spc*)[C](romn2+)$ = {!* one hundred and ®}
$\®(spc*)[C]$ = {!* one hundred }
$[MD](romn2)(romn3;)(romn2*)$ = {!* fifteen hundred and ®}
$[MDC](romn2)(romn3;)(romn2*)$ = {!* sixteen hundred and ®}
$[MDCC](romn2)(romn3;)(romn2*)$ = {!* seventeen hundred and ®}
$[MDCCC](romn2)(romn3;)(romn2*)$ = {!* ayteen hundred and ®}
$[MCM](romn2)(romn3;)(romn2*)$ = {!* nuynteen hundred and ®}
$[MM](romn2)(romn3;)(romn2*)$ = {!* twenty hundred and ®}
$[SCENE](spc*)(romn3+)$ = {!* scene ®}
$[PART](spc+)(romn3+)$ = {!* part ®}
$[MARK](spc)(romn3+)\'S$ = {!* mark ®}
$[MARK](spc)(romn3+)$ = {!* mark ®}
$[CHAPTER](spc*)(romn3+)$ = {!* chapter ®}
$[ACT](spc+)(romn3+)$ = {!* act ®}
$(mark~)[¶@](romn3+)(spc+)CORPS$ = {!* ®}
[\®] =
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~****~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~#
#cases where u and v are interchanged
[AU](front) = AE3V
[EU](front) = EY3V
[IU](front) = IY3V
[UU](front) = AO3V
[YU](front) = IY3V
(vowel)[U](vowel) = V
$[V]M(front) = UW3
$[VM] = UHM
$[V]N(front) = UW3
$[VN] = UHN
$[V]P(front) = UW3
$[VP] = UHP
$[V]S(front) = UW3
$[VS] = UHS
(vowel)[LU](vowel) = LV
(vowel)[RU](vowel) = RDXRV
$[3D]$ = " THRXDXREHEY3 DEY3 "
$[3RD]$ = " THIHRDXRD "
#cases where 3 is used for yogh
(cons)[I3](Ñ~) = IY3Y
(nds)[3](Ñ~) = /HY
(Ñ~)[3](nds) = /HY
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~þþþþ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~#
$(cons*)[þ](cons*)$ = " THOH3RXN "
$[þ]$ = " THOH3RXN "
(cons)(vowel+)[TH]$ = TH
$[þ](vowel+)(voiced) = TH
$[þ](vowel+)ð = TH
$[þ](vowel+)þ = TH
(vowel)[þ]$ = TH
[þ] = DH
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ðððð~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~#
# eth, AKA "ðæt"
$(cons*)[ð](cons*)$ = " EH3TH "
$[ð]$ = " EH3TH "
(cons)(vowel+)[ð]$ = TH
$[ð](vowel+)(voiced) = TH
$[ð](vowel+)þ = TH
$[ð](vowel+)ð = TH
(vowel)[ð]$ = TH
[ð] = TH
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ æ æ æ æ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~#
$[æ]$ = " AE3 "
[æ] = AE3
#-----------------------------------AAAAA---------------------------------#
[AI] = AY4
[AY] = AY4
[A](cons)(front) = AO3
$[A]$ = " AX "
[A] = AA
#-----------------------------------BBBBB---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[B](cons*)$ = " BEY4 "
$[B]$ = " BEY3 "
[BR](vowel) = BRDXR
[B] = B
#-----------------------------------CCCCC---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[C](cons*)$ = " SEY4 "
$[C]$ = " SEY3 "
[CC](front) = KS
[CC] = K
[CL] = KL
[CHR] = KRXDX
E[CH]A = K
A[CH]INA = K
A[CH]IN = SH
AR[CH]I = K
[CH] = CH
[CR]$ = KRDXRX
[CR](vowel) = KRDXR
[CR](cons) = KRDXR
[CS]$ = "KS "
[CT] = KT
[C](front) = SS
[C](vowel) = K
(vowel)[C]$ = K
#-----------------------------------DDDDD---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[D](cons*)$ = " DEY4 "
$[D]$ = " DEY3 "
(cons)[IED]$ = IY3AXD
[D] = D
#-----------------------------------EEEEE---------------------------------#
$[E]$ = " EY3 "
[EY] = EH3IY
@[ES]$ = AXS
[EO] = EY4AO
[EI] = EY3IH
[EE] = EY3AH
@[ED]$ = EHD
[EA] = EY4
(vowel)(cons+)IT[E]$=EY4
(vowel)(cons)[E]$ = AX
(vowel)(cons)[E]TY$ = AX
$(cons+)[E]$ = EHEY3
$(cons)[E](cons)(vowel) = EY
(vowel)(cons*)[E]R = EH
[E](cons)(front) = EY3
@[E]$ = AX
[E] = EH
#-----------------------------------FFFFF---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[F](cons*)$ = " EH3F "
$[F]$ = " EH3F "
[FF] = F
[F] = F
#-----------------------------------GGGGG---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[G](cons*)$ = " JEY4 "
$[G]$ = " JEY3 "
[GH]$ = KZH/H
[GH](vowel) = KZH/H
[GH] = KZH
(vowel~)[IGN] = IY4GN
@[GUES]$ = GAXS
@[GUE]$ = GAX
[GU]Y = GIY3
[GU](vowel) = G
[GR](vowel) = GRXDXR
[GG] = G
$[G]IR = G
EN[G]I = ZH
D[G])E = J
[G]EO = J
[G](front)(soft) = J
@[G](front)$ = GZH
[G] = G
#-----------------------------------HHHHH---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[H](cons*)$ = " AA3CH "
$[H]$ = " AA3CH "
(vowel)[H](vowel) = /H/H
[H] = /H
#-----------------------------------IIIII---------------------------------#
$[I-]@ = IXQ
$[I]$ = " IY4 "
$[IS]LAND = IY4
$[IS]L(suffix) = IY4
(cons)[IND] = IY4ND
(cons)[IMD] = IY4MD
(cons)[ILD] = IY4LD
[I]GH = IY5
[I]GN] = IY4
(cons)[IE]$ = IYAX
[IE]N = IY3AX
(vowel)(cons+)[IE] = IY2
[IE] = IY4
[I]A = IY4
[I](cons)(front) = IY4
[I] = IH
#-----------------------------------JJJJJ---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[J](cons*)$ = " JAA3 "
$[J]$ = " JAA3 "
[JJ] = J
[J] = J
#-----------------------------------KKKKK---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[K](cons*)$ = " KAA3 "
$[K]$ = " KAA3 "
[KN] = KQN
[KK] = K
[K] = K
#-----------------------------------LLLLL---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[L](cons*)$ = " EH3L "
[LL] = LL
$[L]$ = " EH3L "
(cons)[L](suffix) = UL
@[L](suffix)$ = L
[L]R = L
[L] = L
#-----------------------------------MMMMM---------------------------------#
$(cons*)[M](cons*)$ = " EH3M "
$[M]$ = " EH3M "
[MM] = M
[M] = M
#-----------------------------------NNNNN---------------------------------#
$[NW]$ = NUH3UH
$(cons*)[N](cons*)$ = " EH3N "
$[N]$ = " EH3N "
(vowel)[NGU](vowel) = NXG
(cons)I[NG] = NX
(vowel)[NG](suffix) = NXZH
(vowel)[NG](vowel) = NXG
[NG] = NX
[NN] = N
[N] = N
#-----------------------------------OOOOO---------------------------------#
$[O]$ = " UW3 "
[OY] = OY3
[OW] = UW3
$AB[O]VE$ = UH3
$L[O]V(suffix)$ = UH3
$SH[O]V(suffix)$ = UH3
$AB[O]UE$ = UH3
$L[O]U(suffix)$ = UH3
$SH[O]U(